I am having another go at J.C. Holt's book on the Magna Carta...so far, I've only managed to read the first half twice. I am now once again at page 10, where I found this quote:
"The words 'no free man' were so altered that the Charter's formal terms became socially inclusive. In the earlier statutes of Edward III of 1331 and 1352 they became simply 'no man', but in 1354 in the statute which refers for the first time to 'due process of law', 'no free man' became 'no man of whatever estate or condition he may be.'
"
Some sort of complaint about conflicting jurisdictions prompted Parliament to broaden their definition of
the man -- it wasn't that they suddenly got all philosophical and the spirit of the future visited them. It's funny how noble deeds don't always spring from noble thoughts (and conversely, how noble thoughts so often lead to ignoble results).
But, what really interested me was the interplay between the specific and the abstract. It reminded me of something else I read...here's a quote from Adam Smith's chapter on the origin of words (pardon his 1750s English):
"It is this application of the name of an individual to a great multitude of objects, whose resemblance naturally recalls the idea of that individual, and of the name which expresses it, that seems originally to have given occasion to the formation of those classes and assortments, which, in the schools, are called genera and species, and of which the ingenius and eloquent M. Rousseau, of Geneva, finds himself so much at a loss to account for the origin.
"*
Likewise, my rights today as an unmarried female recall the rights a few wealthy men demanded of King John in the 1200s, and which they got because he was so bad with money. Freedom didn't start because a Greensleeves-singing musician or mediaeval human rights activist berated our ancestors into it -- it started with some rich guys haggling over their freedom as though it were a cow.
But, that's not my point, either. In both cases (words and individual rights), what started off as applying to a very few eventually applied to many -- and specific incidents (as opposed to theoretical musings) hastened this progress.
When our ancestors first wandered away from their cave and saw for the first time other caves, their sound for 'cave' could no longer mean 'our home' but rather, any hole in the wall (of a mountain).**
When some 14th century farmer got angry because his neighbor's goat kept wandering into his turnip patch, the resulting demarcation between his property and his neighbor's property also meant the definition of property rights in general.
I figure that somehow, the grammatical evolution from declensions (a word I keep forgetting) to prepositions is related to the path from servitude to freedom.
But, how this embryonic idea will help me, I have no idea.
*Note how Adam Smith casually presages Darwin while dabbling in linguistics. It's even more apparent when you read the whole chapter.
**I'm summarizing Adam Smith here.
References:
Holt, J.C. (1992).
Magna CartaSmith, Adam (1759).
The Theory of Moral SentimentsLabels: adam smith, magna carta